Sabtu, 14 Mei 2011

Mengenal Audiogram


Apakah Audiogram?
Audiogram itu grafik yang menggambarkan tentang kemampuan pendengaran seseorang dan berapa besarnya gangguan pendengaran yang dialami untuk masing-masing telinga. Antara telinga kanan dan telinga kiri sudah tentu memiliki gambaran grafik yang berbeda.

Dalam Audiogram, frekuensi dinyatakan dalam siklus per detik, atau Hertz. Semakin tinggi frekuensi, maka semakin tinggi pula tingkat nada bunyi. Misalnya, 250 Hertz (Hz) itu seperti bunyi tetesan air dari keran, sedangkan dering telepon bernada tinggi berkisar 2000 Hz - 8000 Hz.

Sedangkan kenyaringan diukur dalam satuan yang disebut desibel. Desibel nol (0 dB) bukan berarti tak ada bunyi. Namun, bunyi itu sangat lemah.Tingkat suara orang yang bercakap-cakap ada di kisaran 30 db - 65 db.


Adapun kenyaringan suara 120 dB sampai lebih, berarti sangat dan sangat nyaring. Hampir sama nyaringnya dengan pesawat jet yang lepas landas dan anda berdiri sekitar 25 meter dari pesawat tersebut. Angka-angka yang ada di sisi grafik tersebut menunjukkan tingkat pendengaran dalam desibel.

Jenis gangguan dengar berdasarkan Audiogram bisa di  klasifikasi sebagai berikut:
1. Kategori ringan = intensitas 26-40 dB
2. Kategori sedang = intensitas 41-55 dB
3. Kategori sedang-berat = intensitas 56-70 dB
4. Kategori berat = intensitas 71-90 dB
5. Kategori sangat berat = intensitas lebih dari 90 dB



****
Mengapa saya bilang masih mendengar suara?
Sebab gangguan dengar saya ada di kisaran 90db. Dimana artinya suara yang bisa saya dengar TANPA menggunakan alat adalah suara kendaraan bermotor dan banyak lagi suara yang memiliki frekuensi dan kenyaringan bunyi yang tinggi. (lihat gambar audiogram)
Itulah mengapa saya memerlukan alat bantu dengar, lebih dikarenakan untuk membantu berkomunikasi dalam keseharian.

Untuk mengetahui  berapa besar gangguan dengar memang diperlukan pengujian dengan seksama. Untuk yang sudah bisa berkomunikasi dua arah maka cukup dilakukan Audiometri. Sedangkan pada anak-anak yang belum bisa berkomunikasi dilakukan tes BERA (Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry).
Hasil tes tersebut berupa grafik audiogram yang menunjukan posisi dimana suara itu mulai terdengar.
Berikut gambar hasil audiometri saya bulan Juni 2010. Untuk melihat lebih jelas, silakan di klik




Hasil tes menunjukan gangguan dengar ada diantara diantara 93db.Masuk kategori berat. Namun masih bisa tercatat. Perlu diketahui gangguan dengar tak tercatat itu apabila gangguannya melebihi 120db.

Dalam tes audiometri, dites juga mendengar dari belakang telinga. Dimana earphone ditempelkan tepat pada tulang belakang telinga. Akan tetapi telinga saya hanya merespon suara yang besar. Selebihnya hanya merasakan ada getaran. Rasanya seperti digigit semut.

Kesimpulan dari tes tersebut alat bantu dengar (hearing aid) yang saya gunakan, lebih untuk membantu dalam berkomunikasi. Sebab suara percakapan yang berkisar antara 30db-60db kurang memadai untuk ditangkap oleh telinga saya. Sedangkan suara yang memiliki frekuensi dan kenyaringan yang tinggi masih bsia di dengar dengan baik oleh saya.

****

Audiogram penting sekali untuk mengetahui berapa besar gangguan dengar pada seseorang. Sebab dengan begitu maka penanganan gangguan dengar bisa lebih baik lagi tidak sembarangan.


*ditulis dari  pengalaman pribadi
*sumber audiogram http://www.medel.com
**keterangan gambar
    audiogram : http://www.echohearingcenter.com/audiogram/
    grafik tes audiometri : dokumen pribadi



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  1. Sepertinya mb mau mencoba untuk Dini...saya takut pendengarannya terganggu kalau udah agak besar.
    Karna dia pernah gak ketahuan main korek telia...tau2 dia nagis dan telinganya berdarah.
    Moga gak apa2.

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  2. insya Allah syaf pendengaran dini nggak apa-apa bu..
    sebab syaraf pendengaran ada di bagaian dalam sekali.
    dini mendengar kan bu diajak bicara dengan nada suara biasa. Dipanggil juga mendengar kaan bu..

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  3. terima kasih infonya mbak...sangat banyak membantu saya...

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  4. Terimakasih mbk atas infonya. saya bekerja di alat-alat medis dan kebetulan mau instal alat audimetri. blog ini sangat informatif dan sangat berguna untuk menambah pengetahuan.. bravo....

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